Logistics information technology,
concept
Logistics information technology, logistics information technology) is the modern information technology in the application of various assignments logistics link is the sign of the modern logistics difference between traditional logistics, and logistics technology of the fastest growing in the field, especially the wide application of computer network technology to make logistics information technology has reached the higher application level.
classification
Used in the logistics information technology in every link. According to the functions and characteristics of logistics, logistics information technology such as computer technology, network technology, information classification and coding technology, bar code technology, radio frequency identification technology, electronic data interchange (edi) technology, global positioning system (GPS), geographic information system (GIS) and so on.
meaning
Logistics information technology is an important symbol of modernization, and a of the fastest growing areas of logistics technology, from the bar code data acquisition system, the office automation system in the computer, the Internet, all kinds of terminal equipment such as hardware, and computer software are in rapid development. At the same time, with the continuous development of logistics information technology, to produce a series of new concept of logistics and new logistics mode of operation, promote the transformation of logistics. In supply chain management, logistics information technology development has also changed the enterprise application of supply chain management for competitive advantage, successful business by applying information technology to support its business strategy and choice of its business. Through the use of information technology to improve the efficiency of the supply chain activities, enhance the entire supply chain management decision-making ability.
The composition of the logistics information technology
Bar code technology
Bar code technology is in the computer application in the practice of production and the development of an automatic identification technology. Provides us with a method for identification and description of goods in the logistics. Bar code is to realize the POS system, EDI, e-commerce, the technical foundation of supply chain management, logistics management modernization, improve enterprise management level and competitive ability the important technical means.
EDI technology
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) refers to electronically, using standardized format, the use of computer networks for structured Data transmission and exchange. Constitute the three elements of EDI system is EDI software and hardware, communication network and data standardization.
Radio frequency (rf) technology
Radio frequency identification technology (RFID) is a non-contact automatic identification technology, it through radio frequency signal automatically identify target object to obtain the relevant data. Identify work without manual intervention, can work in all kinds of bad environment. Short distance rf products are not afraid of bad environment, such as oil stain, dust pollution, can replace the bar code, such as using an assembly line in the factory to track the object. Rf products are much used in long distance transportation, identify distance up to dozens of meters, such as automatic charging or identify vehicles, etc.
GIS technology
GIS (Geographical Information System, geographic Information System) is a variety of crossover, which is based on Geographical spatial data, USES the geography model analysis method, and timely provide a wide range of space and dynamic Geographical Information, is a kind of for geographic research and geographic decision-making service System of computer technology. Its basic function is to form the data (whether it comes from a database, spreadsheet file or directly in the program input) into a geographic graphics display, then browse, operations, and analysis the result of the show. The display can range from intercontinental to very detailed block map, display objects including population, sales, transportation and other content.
GPS technology
Global Positioning System (Global Positioning System - GPS) is in the air, sea and land for all-round real-time three-dimensional navigation and Positioning capability. GPS in the field of logistics can be applied to vehicle positioning, tracking, scheduling, used for management of railway transportation, for military logistics.
Management software
Logistics management software includes transportation management system (TMS), warehouse management system (WMS), freight management system (FMS), supply chain management (SCM) system, etc.
Application status
At home, all kinds of logistics information technology has been widely used in logistics activities of each link, to the enterprise logistics activity had a profound impact.
The application of logistics automation equipment technology
Logistics automation equipment technology integration and application of the hot link is a distribution center, its characteristic is need chosen items every day many varieties, batch number, quantity is big. So in the domestic supermarket, medicine, postal parcels industries logistics distribution center part has introduced the automation equipment. One is chosen equipment automation applications, such as the pharmaceutical corporation distribution center in Beijing, the picking rack (plate) with visual sorting prompt device, this sorting shelves are connected to the logistics management information system, dynamically prompt have chosen the number of items and guiding the picking operation staff, improve the accuracy of the picking and speed. Another kind is a kind of goods after automatic sorting equipment. With barcode or electronic label attached to the identified object (general set of package transportation unit), by a conveyor belt into sorting mouth, and then from the sorting machine is equipped with read equipment sorting goods, make the goods into their own group of goods channel, complete the automatic sorting of the item. Sorting equipment for use in large domestic distribution center. But this kind of equipment and the corresponding supporting software is basically imported from abroad, has imported foreign machinery and equipment, the domestic configuration software. Stereoscopic warehouse and cooperate with the stacker machine in domestic development is rapid, in machinery manufacturing, automobile, textile, railway, cigarette industries are used.
The application of logistics equipment tracking and control technology
At present, the logistics equipment tracking mainly refers to the carrier for transportation and logistics activities involved in the item location tracking. There are different kinds of logistics equipment tracking method can be used to the traditional passive tracking methods of communication such as telephone, can be used to track periodic RFID means, but most of all, the current domestic use tracking using GPS technology. GPS technology tracking monitoring using GPS logistics management system, its main track freight vehicle and the cargo transportation situation, make the owner and the owner the location and status of the vehicles and goods at any time, effective monitoring and fast operation of the whole logistics process. Logistics GPS monitoring management system mainly includes the GPS device on a transport, tracking service platform (including the geographic information system) and the corresponding software, information communication mechanism, and other devices (such as the electronic label or barcode on the goods, alarm device, etc.). At home, part of the logistics enterprises in order to improve the management level of enterprises and improve customer service ability and application of this technology.
The application of the logistics dynamic information acquisition technology
Enterprise competition, the development of globalization, the shortening of product life cycle and user delivery time shorten the availability of all the logistics services such as with controllable put forward higher requirements, real-time logistics concept emerged. How to ensure total control of the process of logistics, the logistics elements of a dynamic information acquisition technology is necessary. Dynamic goods or mobile carrier itself has a lot of useful information, such as the name of the goods, quantity, weight, quality, supplier, or mobile carrier (such as vehicles, ships, etc.) the name, type, location, status and a series of information. The use of this information may be repeated in the logistics, therefore, the correct and fast reading dynamic goods or carrier and utilizing information can significantly improve the efficiency of logistics. In the current popular dynamic logistics information collection technology applications, one, two dimensional barcode technology the most widely application scope, followed by a magnetic stripe (card), speech recognition, a portable data terminal, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) technology.
(1) a dimensional barcode technology: a dimensional barcode is lined by a set of rules and empty, and the corresponding Numbers, this article use, empty data coding machine can be used to read, and it's easy to translated into binary and decimal number. So this technology is widely used in the item information. Because in accordance with barcode specification and no dirty read rate is very high, so one dimensional bar code in combination with the corresponding scanner can obviously improve the items of information acquisition speed. Combined with barcode system with low cost, simple operation, is the earliest domestic application read technology, so there's a big market in China, the domestic most of the supermarkets in the use of one dimensional bar code technology. But limited data, says one dimensional barcode barcode scanner reads the information also requires very close to the distance, and readability is poor after caustic sludge on the bar code, so that limit its further popularization and application, and some other information storage capacity bigger, better read read reliability technology began to emerge.
(2) two dimensional barcode technology: as a result of one dimensional barcode information capacity is very small, such as bar code on the goods only can hold several or a dozen digits or letters, provided a detailed description of the goods can only rely on the database, left the pre-built database, the use of one dimensional barcode was limited. For this reason, people invented a new kind of code system, besides having the advantages of one-dimensional bar code, as well as great capacity of information (depending on the size of different coding technology, is a one-dimensional several times to dozens times, thus can hold personal nature and fingerprints, photos and other information), high reliability (50% in the caustic sludge can still be read complete information), confidential anti-counterfeiting strong sex, etc. This is in the horizontal and vertical direction of the information stored in the two-dimensional space of two dimensional barcode technology. The characteristics of two dimensional barcode inherited a dimensional barcode, the barcode system is cheap, strong literacy rate and easy to use, so on the domestic Banks, such as vehicle management information system applications.
(3) magnetic stripe technology: magnetic stripe (card) technique to form a thin layer of coating by the directional arrangement with lron oxide particles together with resin and sticking to the nonmagnetic substrate such as paper or plastic. Magnetic stripe on the meaning of nature make up a computer with the tape or disk is the same, it can be used to record the letters, characters, and digital information. Advantage is that data can be read and write many times, data storage can satisfy most requirements, due to the characteristics of strong adhesive force, is widely applied in many fields, such as credit CARDS, bank ATM CARDS, tickets, bus ticket, vending CARDS, membership CARDS, etc. But a magnetic stripe card anti-theft performance, storage performance compared with some new technologies such as chip card technology still has a gap.
(4) the voice recognition technology, is a kind of by identifying sound to convert text information technology, its biggest characteristic is to don't have to manually input information, the hands of those who collect data and perform with the workplace, or low ability to typing on the keyboard is particularly applicable. But the biggest problem of voice recognition is recognition rate, it's hard to continuously effective application. Is more suitable for voice sentence volume concentration of a repeated application occasion.
(5) the visual identification technology: the visual recognition system is a kind of based on some characteristics of the image analysis and recognition system, the ability to qualified marks, characters, Numbers, etc. The information acquisition of image content. The application of visual identification technology barriers for some irregular or not enough clear image recognition rate and the data format is limited, it usually takes contact scanner scans, along with the development of automation, visual technology will towards a more detailed, more professional direction, and it can combine with other automatic identification technology applications.
(6) contact smart card technology: the smart card is a kind of will have a processing capability, encrypted storage function integrated circuit core version of embedded in the substrate of a same size with the credit card information storage technology, the chip can be read by read device contact information in the chip. Non-contact smart card is independent of the characteristics of operation and storage capabilities, in the passive situation, data is not lost, data security and privacy are very good, the cost is moderate. Smart card and the combination of the computer system, can easily meet all kinds of information collection and transmission, encryption, and management needs, in many areas of both at home and abroad such as Banks, such as toll roads, water meter, gas charging has been widely applied.
(7) of the portable data terminal, portable data terminal (PDT) generally includes a scanner, a small but function is very strong and a memory of a computer, a display and a keyboard for human input. So it is a kind of multifunctional data acquisition equipment, PDT is programmable, allowed into some application software. PDT storage of data can be transmitted by radio frequency communication technology to the main computer at any time.
(8) video identification (RFID), radio frequency identification technology with rf communication is a kind of non-contact automatic identification technology. RFID tag has small volume, large capacity, long life and reusable, etc, can support fast reading and writing, the visual recognition, mobile identification, target recognition, positioning and tracking management for a long time. RFID technology combined with such as the Internet, communication technology, which can realize global item tracking and information sharing. From the logistics information technology application situation and the developing trend of global logistics information, logistics dynamic information acquisition technology is becoming the important research field of worldwide. As logistics in our country in developing countries, has been applied to logistics dynamic information collection technology has accumulated certain experience, such as bar code technology, the application of non-contact magnetic stripe (card) technology has been very common, but some in the forefront of new technologies, such as the research and application of RFID technology is relatively backward.
The development trend
RFID will be a key technology in the field of logistics in the future
Expert analyzes believed that RFID technology application in logistics industry, can significantly improve the efficiency of logistics management and operation, reduce logistics cost. In addition, from the developing trend of the world, with the constant improvement of the RFID technology and mature, the RFID industry will become a new high technology industry group, become a new growth point of national economy. Therefore, RFID technology is expected to become new lubricant to promote the development of modern logistics.
Logistics dynamic information acquisition technology
Under the trend of the global supply chain management, timely grasp the dynamic information of the goods and quality information has become the key factor for corporate profits. But due to the nature, weather, communication, technology, laws and regulations, etc, the influence of the development of the logistics dynamic information collection technology has been greatly restricted, far cannot satisfy the needs of the development of modern logistics. Precious little to help the new technology, improve the logistics dynamic information collection technology, become the logistics field under a technical breakthrough.
Logistics information security technology will increasingly be regarded
With network technology developed logistics information technology, the network fast development bring great benefits in at the same time, also always suffered from may suffer from security crisis, such as network hacker intrusion to malicious attacks, viruses, strikes, information disclosure and so on. Application of safety technology, ensure the security of enterprise logistics information system or platform, stable running, is the enterprise will face a major challenge for a long time.